Terms of Use

1. About These Terms

Nooriam Pty Ltd (ACN 654 246 509) owns and operates this website and the Nooriam platform on behalf of itself and the Nooriam Group, which includes Nooriam Sarjana Pty Ltd (ACN 666 673 623) and Nooriam Alfareria Pty Ltd (ACN 666 513 515) (collectively “Nooriam”, “we”, “us”, “our”). These Terms of Use (“Terms”) govern your access to and use of the Nooriam website, The Registry, Nooriam Core, and all associated products and services (collectively, the “Services”). By accessing or using any part of the Services, you agree to be bound by these Terms. If you do not agree, you must not use the Services. The Services operate across two access tiers:

• The Registry (public access): certain non-confidential information held in The Registry is publicly accessible without an account. Any person may access this public-facing information without registering or logging in. The scope of publicly accessible information is described in Section 4.3.
• Nooriam Core (account required): all other Services, including the full Nooriam platform, Nooriam Data Object management, smart legal contracts, Agent registration and governance, and all transactional and registry management functions, are accessible only to users who hold a verified Nooriam account and are logged in. These Services are collectively referred to in these Terms as “Nooriam Core”. These Terms apply to both public users of The Registry and to registered users of Nooriam Core. Certain provisions apply only to Nooriam Core users and are identified as such. These Terms should be read together with our Privacy Policy, which governs how we handle personal information, and any additional product-specific terms that apply to particular Services you access. Where there is any inconsistency between these Terms and a product-specific agreement or user specific agreement, the product-specific or user specific agreement prevails to the extent of the inconsistency. If you are using Nooriam Core on behalf of an organisation, you represent and warrant that you have authority to bind that organisation to these Terms, and references to “you” include that organisation. These Terms come into effect on the earlier of the date you first accept them electronically and the date you first access the Services (the “Effective Date”). They continue in effect until terminated in accordance with Section 16. Key defined terms. In these Terms: “The Registry” means Nooriam’s independent legal registry for Agents and authenticated data; “Nooriam Core” means all account-gated Services as defined above; “Agent” means an AI Agent registered through The Registry; and “Nooriam Data Object” means any data object created, registered, or authenticated through the Nooriam platform, including a Legally Authenticated System (LAS), a Legally Authenticated Dataset (LAD), a Smart Legal Contract (SLC), and any other data object product within the Nooriam ecosystem as Nooriam may introduce from time to time. The definition of Nooriam Data Object is not exhaustive and is updated by reference to Nooriam’s current product documentation published on its website. Feedback. If you provide Nooriam with suggestions, ideas, or feedback about the Services, Nooriam may use that feedback for any purpose without obligation to you. You retain no rights in feedback once provided to Nooriam. Interpretation. These Terms are construed mutually and neither party is considered the drafter. Section headings are provided for convenience only and do not affect interpretation. The words “including”, “for example”, and similar expressions are not limiting. These Terms are governed by the laws of Western Australia and the Commonwealth of Australia. See Section 18 for governing law and dispute resolution.

2. Amendments to These Terms

We review these Terms regularly and may revise them to reflect changes in our Services, applicable law, or technological practice. Amendments take effect when published on our website. We will provide reasonable notice of material changes by email or prominent website notice where practicable. Your continued use of the Services after an amendment constitutes acceptance of the revised Terms. We recommend checking this page regularly. The version date at the top of this document indicates when these Terms were last updated.

3. Nooriam Core: Accounts and Access

3.1 Account Requirement for Nooriam Core

All Nooriam Core Services require you to hold a verified Nooriam account and to be logged in at the time of access. This includes all registry management functions, Nooriam Data Object creation and management, smart legal contract creation and execution, Agent registration and governance, and all other transactional platform functions. Browsing publicly available registry information does not require an account. When registering for a Nooriam Core account, you must provide accurate, complete, and current information and keep that information updated. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your account credentials and for all activity that occurs under your account. You must notify us immediately at info@nooriam.com if you become aware of any unauthorised access to or use of your account. We are not liable for any loss arising from unauthorised use of your account where that use results from your failure to maintain the security of your credentials.

3.2 Eligibility for Nooriam Core

You must be at least 18 years of age to create a Nooriam Core account. By creating an account, you represent and warrant that you meet this requirement. Where you are accessing Nooriam Core on behalf of an organisation, you represent and warrant that the organisation is validly constituted and that you have the authority to act on its behalf.

3.3 Website Availability

Access to our website and platform is provided on an as-available basis. We reserve the right to withdraw, suspend, or restrict access to any part of the Services at any time, including for maintenance, development, or any other reason, without notice. We will not be liable if the Services are unavailable at any time or for any period.

4. The Registry

4.1 What Is The Registry

The Registry is Nooriam’s independent legal registry for Nooriam Data Objects. It is designed to be real-time, machine-readable, and legally operative across organisational boundaries. Registration in The Registry is a deliberate legal act that confers a form of authenticated identity and legal status on the registered entity within the Nooriam framework.

4.2 Legal Effect of Registration

By submitting a registration to The Registry, you acknowledge and agree that:

• Registration creates a persistent entry in The Registry that forms part of the permanent record.
• The fact of registration, including the identity of the registering party and the date and time of registration, will be recorded and retained in accordance with our data retention policies.
• An Agent or Nooriam Data Object that is not registered in The Registry does not legally exist for the purposes of Nooriam’s authentication and governance framework. Registration is the act that confers legal identity within that framework.
• Where registration relates to an asset or Agent that is the subject of obligations owed to third parties, those third parties may have rights in relation to the registered record that are independent of your rights as registering party.

4.3 Public and Private Information in The Registry

The Registry operates across two visibility tiers. Public users, meaning any person accessing The Registry without a Nooriam Core account, can view only a defined non-confidential subset of information about a registered Nooriam Data Object or Agent. This public-facing view consists of descriptor and summary fields that identify and describe the asset at a level sufficient for verification purposes, without exposing the full detail of the underlying record or any confidential information associated with it. Verified Nooriam Core users who are logged in and hold appropriate access permissions may be able to view additional information about Nooriam Data Objects registered by their organisation or Nooriam Data Objects in which they hold a recognised interest, subject to the visibility and access controls configured for each Nooriam Data Objects. The specific fields that are publicly visible are determined either by Nooriam as part of the standard registry architecture, or by the registering party using the visibility controls available within Nooriam Core.

4.4 Registering Party Responsibility for Public Fields

You are solely responsible for the content of any public-facing fields associated with your registered Nooriam Data Objects and Agents, including but not limited to title, descriptor, narrative, summary, and any other fields designated as publicly accessible within the platform. By completing and submitting any public-facing field in connection with a registration, you:

• Consent to that information being publicly accessible to any person who accesses The Registry, including persons who do not hold a Nooriam Core account.
• Represent and warrant that the content of those fields does not contain personal information, confidential material, third-party intellectual property, or any other content that you do not have the right or intention to make publicly accessible.
• Accept full responsibility for ensuring that the content of public-facing fields accurately reflects what you have chosen to disclose and does not inadvertently expose information you intend to keep private or confidential. This responsibility is not discharged by the fact that the platform technically permits content to be entered in public-facing fields. It is your obligation to review all public-facing fields before and after registration and to take reasonable steps to ensure that their content is appropriate for public disclosure. Nooriam does not review the content of public-facing fields for personal information, confidentiality, or accuracy prior to or following registration. We are not liable for any loss, damage, or claim arising from the registration of content that you have entered in a public-facing field. If you discover that a public-facing field contains information you did not intend to make publicly accessible, contact us promptly at info@nooriam.com. We will work with you to annotate or update the relevant fields, subject to the registry integrity principles in Section 4.5 and the rights of any other parties to the record.

4.5 Registry Integrity

The Registry is maintained as a tamper-evident and historically complete record. Nooriam Core users may update The Registry entries at any time through Nooriam Core to reflect changes in information, status, rights, or any other relevant matter. Updated information is reflected immediately in the publicly visible state of the entry on The Registry. Updates do not overwrite or remove prior states. Each update is recorded as a new entry in the history of the record. The current state of an entry reflects the most recent update. The complete history of the entry, including all prior states and the dates on which each state was current, is preserved as part of the permanent record. Nooriam does not delete The Registry entries or any part of the historical record of an entry. Where a change in status is to be recorded, including a withdrawal, supersession, transfer, or dispute, that change is recorded as an update to the entry in accordance with this section. Where a correction to inaccurate information is sought, the correction is recorded in the entry history alongside the prior state that is being corrected. Legitimate and bona fide requests to record a correction should be directed to info@nooriam.com. Nooriam will assess the request and record the appropriate change where all parties consent or pursuant to a court order from a court of competent jurisdiction. Counterparties who have relied on the prior state of an entry retain the right to access the historical record.

4.6 Multi-Party Records

Where a Registry entry relates to an object, contract, agreement, or obligation to which more than one party holds rights, that entry is not solely within the control of any one party. Each party to such a record may have independent rights, interests, and legal obligations that depend on the record remaining intact and accurate. Nooriam will not alter, annotate, or take any other action in respect of a multi-party registry entry on the instruction of one party alone. Nooriam will assess the request and take appropriate action where all parties consent or pursuant to a court order from a court of competent jurisdiction. Parties who have relied on the prior state of an entry retain the right to access the historical record.

5. Nooriam Data Objects

5.1 Nature of Nooriam Data Objects

Nooriam’s platform enables users to create, register, and manage Nooriam Data Objects. An Nooriam Data Object is a data object that has been processed through Nooriam’s authentication framework to establish verifiable legal title, provenance, and if applicable, an unbroken chain of custody. Authentication confers legal status on the asset within the Nooriam framework and makes it enforceable at law in accordance with applicable legal instrument terms.

5.2 Ownership and Rights

Authentication of a Nooriam Data Object through the Nooriam platform does not transfer ownership of that asset to Nooriam. You retain all pre-existing ownership of and rights in your Nooriam Data Objects, subject to any rights held by third parties and subject to these Terms. By submitting a Nooriam Data Object for authentication and registration, you represent, warrant and agree that:

• You own the Nooriam Data Object or have the authority of the owner to submit it for authentication and registration.
• The Nooriam Data Object does not infringe the intellectual property rights, privacy rights, any laws, or any other rights of any third party.
• Any personal information contained in the Nooriam Data Object has been collected and is being processed lawfully and in accordance with our Privacy Policy.
• You have obtained all consents necessary for the Nooriam Data Object to be authenticated, registered, and handled in accordance with these Terms and our Privacy Policy.
• The entry recorded on the Nooriam Registry in respect of the Nooriam Data Object is accurate, complete and correct and not misleading.
• You indemnify Nooriam for any third party claims arising from breach of any of the above representations and warranties.

5.3 Further Assurances and Limitation of Ongoing Obligations

Authentication and registration of a Nooriam Data Object or AI system through Nooriam Core confers legal status within the Nooriam framework based on the information you provide at the point of registration. The integrity of that status depends entirely on the accuracy, completeness, correctness and currency of your rights, interests and attribution claims. Accordingly, the following provisions apply. Further assurances. Nooriam may, as a condition of registration or continued hosting of a Nooriam Data Object or AI system, require you to provide independent and unequivocal written confirmation of your rights and interests in the asset and the accuracy, correctness and completeness of the attribution information you are registering. This requirement may be imposed:

• At the time of initial registration, as part of Nooriam’s standard or enhanced onboarding process for particular asset classes or registration types.
• At the time of any material update to a registered Nooriam Data Object or Agent, as notified by you.
• Where Nooriam is formally notified by a third party of a dispute, competing claim, or other challenge to the registered information.
• Where Nooriam is required to do so by a court order, regulatory direction, or other lawful authority.
• Where Nooriam introduces a platform-wide or class-wide policy requiring further assurances from a category of registered users, applied uniformly and notified in advance. Nooriam does not assess the accuracy, completeness or correctness of registered information or seek further assurances outside these defined circumstances. The further assurances process is a response mechanism, not a monitoring function. The form and substance of any required confirmation will be specified by Nooriam at the relevant time. Registration or continued hosting may be withheld or suspended until satisfactory confirmation is received. Nooriam’s obligations are limited to hosting and registration. Nooriam’s role is to provide infrastructure for authentication, registration, and hosting within the Nooriam framework. Nooriam does not undertake, and accepts no obligation, to:
• Monitor, audit, or verify the accuracy, completeness, correctness, or currency of your rights or attribution claims at any time, whether before or after registration.
• Ensure that the information registered in respect of a Nooriam Data Object remains consistent with the metadata, contents, entries, or any representations you have made to Nooriam, to counterparties, or to any other person in connection with the Nooriam Data Object.
• Proactively identify or notify you of inconsistencies between registered information and the actual state of your rights in relation to the Nooriam Data Object, except where Nooriam is directly notified of a formal dispute or directed by a lawful authority, each in writing.
• Maintain, update, or correct registration information on your behalf in response to changes in your rights or any other person’s rights in relation to, or the nature of, the Nooriam Data Object. Your ongoing responsibility. You are solely responsible for ensuring that the information registered in respect of your Nooriam Data Objects and AI systems remains accurate, complete, correct and current throughout the period of registration, and that it remains consistent with any representations you have made or continue to make to counterparties, Nooriam and other users of Nooriam Core and The Registry. Where your rights in an asset change, where the nature of the asset changes, where other material rights arise in relation to an asset, or where you become aware of any inconsistency between the registered information and the actual state of your rights or the asset, you must update the registration promptly through Nooriam Core. No warranty as to third-party reliance. Nooriam does not warrant to you or to any third party that information registered in The Registry accurately reflects the registering party’s rights or attribution claims, or that those rights are valid, subsisting, and unencumbered. Third parties who rely on registry information do so on the basis of the registering party’s representations, not on any assurance given by Nooriam.

5.4 Dormant and Unclaimed Data Objects

Where a Nooriam Core account has no paying subscriber associated with it, whether because a subscription has lapsed, was never established, or has been terminated, or where no paying counterparty holds an active interest in assets registered under that account, the account and its associated Nooriam Data Objects are treated as dormant for the purposes of these Terms. On an account entering dormant status, Nooriam will take the following steps in accordance with its data lifecycle policies:

• Notify the registered account holder at the contact details on record that the account has entered dormant status and that the provisions of this section apply.
• Allow a period of not less than 90 days from the date of that notification during which the account holder may reactivate the account by establishing or reinstating a paying subscription, at which point the account and its associated assets return to active status and the assignment provisions in Section 5.5 do not take effect.
• Where the account holder does not reactivate within that period and remains uncontactable or unresponsive, progress the account and its associated assets through Nooriam’s data lifecycle process in accordance with Section 5.5. Nooriam will publish summary information about its data lifecycle policies, including the criteria for dormant status and the steps in the lifecycle process, on its website.

5.5 Assignment of Data Rights to the Nooriam Data Trust

Where a Nooriam Core account has entered dormant status in accordance with Section 5.4 and the 90-day notification and reactivation period has elapsed without reactivation, the account holder assigns to the Trustee of the Nooriam Data Trust, by way of deemed, present assignment taking effect at the end of that period, all data rights (as defined below) in the associated Nooriam Data Objects that are necessary to enable the Trust to hold, steward, use, process, de-identify, aggregate, and make available those assets in accordance with the Trust’s purposes and applicable law. By accepting these Terms you hereby assign in writing any applicable Nooriam Data Objects into the Trust on the terms of this Section 5.5, immediately on the date described above. The Nooriam Data Trust. The Nooriam Data Trust (“the Trust”) is a data stewardship vehicle established by Nooriam for the purpose of holding, managing, and applying Nooriam Data Objects that have passed through the lifecycle process described in this section in a manner that serves both public interest purposes and the ongoing development of the Nooriam platform. The Trust is constituted by a Trust deed published by Nooriam and updated from time to time. The beneficiaries of the Trust include Nooriam and such other bodies as Nooriam determines, from time to time, have a legitimate public interest in receiving the benefit of Trust assets. Where the Trust has not yet been formally established at the time an assignment would otherwise take effect, Nooriam will hold the relevant data rights on trust pending the Trust’s establishment, and those rights will transfer to the Trustee of the Trust upon its establishment without further action by the account holder. Nature and scope of the assignment. For the purposes of this clause, “data rights” means the right to access, copy, transform, de-identify, aggregate, analyse, and make available the relevant Nooriam Data Objects, to the extent those rights vest in the account holder and are capable of assignment. The assignment:

• Does not extend to intellectual property rights in the underlying content of a Nooriam Data Object beyond what is necessary for the Trust’s stewardship purposes.
• Does not transfer rights held by third parties or rights that cannot lawfully be assigned without third-party consent.
• Does not operate to assign any asset in respect of which a paying counterparty holds an active and subsisting interest as recorded in The Registry at the time the assignment would otherwise take effect. Conditions of assignment. The assignment is conditional on all of the following being satisfied at the time it takes effect:
• No paying subscription being in place for the relevant account.
• No paying counterparty holding an active and subsisting interest in the relevant assets as recorded in The Registry.
• The 90-day notification and reactivation period having elapsed without reinstatement of a paying subscription. Where any condition is not met in respect of a particular asset, the assignment does not apply to that asset and Nooriam will handle it in accordance with the rights of the relevant paying party. De-identification and use. Following assignment into the Trust, Nooriam as trustee or manager of the Trust may apply de-identification and anonymisation techniques to the relevant Nooriam Data Objects and make them available to Trust beneficiaries in de-identified or aggregated form, where doing so is consistent with applicable law and the assets can no longer reasonably be used to identify any individual. Once de-identification has been applied, the account holder cannot reclaim the de-identified form of the asset. Prior to de-identification being applied, an account holder who reinstates a paying subscription may request restoration of access to their assets, subject to Nooriam’s data lifecycle policies at that time. Application of value. Any value or benefit derived from Trust assets will be applied in accordance with the Trust deed, including for the benefit of Nooriam as a Trust beneficiary and for the benefit of other public interest beneficiaries identified by Nooriam in accordance with the Trust’s governance framework. Nooriam does not represent that any particular financial return will be generated from Trust assets or that any portion of that return will be distributed to the account holder from whom the assets were received. By accepting these Terms, you acknowledge that the assignment in this Section 5.5 is a material term of the agreement under which Nooriam provides infrastructure services. The assignment into the Nooriam Data Trust reflects the principle that Nooriam Data Objects with ongoing value, where no active commercial relationship exists to steward them, should be held and applied in a structured governance framework that serves both public interest purposes and the sustainability of the Nooriam platform, rather than being abandoned or privately appropriated without accountability.

5.6 Data Object Value and Removal

Authenticated Nooriam Data Objects registered with Nooriam may carry real and lasting legal and commercial value. You acknowledge that a request to remove or delete a Nooriam Data Object may affect not only your own interests but also the interests of counterparties, licensees, and others who have relied on the registered record.

6. Smart Legal Contracts and Programmable Instruments

Nooriam’s platform supports the creation, execution, and operation of programmable legal contracts and other legal instruments that perform obligations automatically. The following terms apply to your use of these features.

6.1 Legal Effect

A smart legal contract created and executed through the Nooriam platform is intended to have legal effect between the parties to it in accordance with its terms and applicable law. By executing a smart legal contract through the platform, you acknowledge that you are entering into a legally binding agreement and that automated performance of obligations under that contract may occur without further action on your part.

6.2 Your Responsibility

You are responsible for ensuring that any smart legal contract you create, execute, or participate in through the platform accurately reflects your intentions and complies with applicable law. Nooriam provides the infrastructure for creating and executing programmable legal instruments but does not provide legal advice and does not review the legal or commercial terms of contracts created by users. You should obtain independent legal advice before executing any smart legal contract if you are uncertain about its legal effect.

6.3 Automated Performance

Where a smart legal contract is configured to perform obligations automatically, you acknowledge that automated performance may occur in accordance with the contract terms once the relevant conditions are satisfied, without requiring further manual confirmation. You are responsible for configuring automated performance terms correctly. Nooriam is not liable for any loss or damage occasioned by automated performance that occurs in accordance with the contract terms you have set, and you indemnify Nooriam from any loss and damage to you and from any third-party claims arising out of such automated performance.

7. Agents and Legally Authenticated AI Systems

Nooriam’s platform enables the creation, registration, and legal authentication of Agents operating within enterprise and automated environments. Because Agents may interact with the Services directly, including through machine-to-machine workflows and without real-time human oversight, the terms governing their registration, authorisation, and conduct require particular precision. This section sets out those terms.

7.1 Registration and Legal Identity

Registration in The Registry is the act that confers legal identity on an Agent within the Nooriam authentication framework. An Agent that is not registered in The Registry does not legally exist for the purposes of that framework and has no authorised standing to interact with Nooriam Core or to be represented as authenticated in any transaction or workflow processed through the Nooriam platform. Each Agent must be registered separately. Registration of one Agent for a particular modality does not confer authorisation on that Agent for another modality, or any other Agent operated by the same principal, or any digital progeny of the Agent regardless of similarity of function or configuration.

7.2 Acts of Agents Are Acts of the Principal

An Agent has no independent legal personality. It cannot contract, hold rights, or bear liability in its own name. When you register an Agent, all acts performed by that registered Agent in the course of its authorised operation are, for the purposes of these Terms and applicable law, your acts and you are bound by those acts as if you had performed them directly. This attribution applies regardless of whether the act was the result of a deliberate instruction given at the time, an automated response to a trigger condition, or the output of the Agent’s own reasoning or decision-making process. Your acceptance of these Terms constitutes acceptance of this attribution in full and without reservation. Where an Agent acts within the scope of its registered authorisation, the acts are attributed to you and you hold and bear all associated rights, obligations, and liabilities. Where an Agent acts outside the scope of its registered authorisation, those acts remain attributed to you: the absence of specific authorisation for a particular act does not transfer liability to Nooriam or to any other party. You indemnify Nooriam for any loss or damage to you and for any third-party claims arising out of such Agent acts.

7.3 Scope of Authorisation

At the time of registration, you must specify the scope of the Agent’s authorisation applying the Nooriam framework, including the functions the Agent is permitted to perform, the assets and data it is permitted to access, and any limits on the transactions or commitments it may make on the principal’s behalf. This scope forms part of the registration record in The Registry. You are responsible for ensuring that the registered scope accurately reflects the Agent’s actual authorisation. An Agent that is configured or deployed to act beyond its registered scope is acting outside the authentication and authorisation recorded on The Registry, and you remain liable for all consequences of that conduct and indemnify Nooriam from any loss or damage to you or to third parties arising from the Agent. You must update the Agent’s registration promptly through Nooriam Core whenever the Agent’s authorisation changes or ceases, for example on deprovisioning.

7.4 Agent Interaction with Nooriam Core

Where an Agent interacts with Nooriam Core directly, including through API access, automated workflows, or machine-to-machine protocols, the following requirements apply:

• The Agent must interact using credentials that are directly traceable to its registered identity in The Registry. Unregistered Agents accessing Nooriam Core, or registered Agents accessing Nooriam Core using credentials not associated with their registration, are not authorised to do so, and such access constitutes a breach of these Terms by you.
• You cannot disclaim authorisation for an action taken by an Agent through Nooriam Core on the basis that no human operator reviewed or approved the specific action at the time it was taken, provided the Agent was accessing Nooriam Core using its registered credentials within its registered scope. General authorisation of the Agent’s access is sufficient to bind you to the Agent’s specific acts.
• You are responsible for ensuring that the Agent’s interaction with Nooriam Core and with other registered users complies with these Terms, including the acceptable use provisions in Section 8. An Agent that would breach these Terms if a human operator performed the same action is in breach of these Terms when the Agent performs it.
• Nooriam may impose rate limits, access controls, and authentication requirements on Agent interactions with Nooriam Core and may update those requirements from time to time. You are responsible for ensuring that your Agents comply with current rate limits, access controls, authentication requirements, and other Terms or Nooriam policies in force from time to time.

7.5 Audit Trails and Evidentiary Records

Nooriam maintains logs of Agent interactions with the Nooriam platform, including the identity of the Agent, the credentials used, the actions taken, the time and sequence of those actions, and any data produced, accessed, or modified. These logs form part of the authenticated record maintained by Nooriam in connection with its registry and platform functions. You acknowledge and agree that:

• Nooriam’s interaction logs may be used as evidence in any dispute concerning what an Agent did, when it did it, and whether it was acting within its registered authorisation.
• You will not dispute the authenticity of Nooriam’s interaction logs solely on the basis that the relevant actions were performed by an Agent rather than a human operator.
• Nooriam may provide interaction logs to regulatory authorities, courts, or other parties with a lawful basis for requesting them, in accordance with Nooriam’s Privacy Policy and applicable law.

7.6 Out-of-Scope and Anomalous Conduct

Where Nooriam becomes aware that a registered Agent is interacting with the platform in a manner that is outside its registered scope, is inconsistent with the terms of its registration, or is otherwise anomalous, not authorised, or potentially harmful, Nooriam may at its absolute discretion, without advance notice and without liability to you or any other person:

• Suspend the Agent’s access to Nooriam Core pending investigation.
• Suspend or revoke the Agent’s registration in The Registry, with an annotation to the registration record recording the suspension or revocation and the date on which it took effect.
• Notify you of the suspension or revocation and the grounds for it.
• Record the Agent’s anomalous state and publish this with any associated details on The Registry.
• Take any other action that Nooriam considers reasonably necessary to protect the integrity of the platform, The Registry, or other users. Suspension or revocation of an Agent’s registration does not release you from liability for acts performed by the Agent prior to suspension or revocation. You remain responsible for any obligations incurred, transactions entered into, or harm caused by the Agent’s conduct during the period of its registration.

7.7 Liability, Accountability, and Governance

You accept full and unconditional responsibility for the conduct of each Agent you register, including for acts that are unintended, unexpected, or outside the scope of the Agent’s intended operation. The acknowledgment that someone is always liable when an Agent acts is a foundational principle of the Nooriam framework and a condition of registration. Nooriam’s registration of an Agent does not constitute an endorsement of that Agent’s capabilities, safety, authorisation, or compliance with any applicable legal or regulatory requirement. Registration records the fact of authentication within the Nooriam framework only. You agree to maintain appropriate governance arrangements for each registered Agent, including:

• Human oversight mechanisms for Agent decisions or actions that materially affect third parties or that involve the execution of legal obligations.
• Internal processes for monitoring Agent conduct and identifying out-of-scope or anomalous behaviour.
• A named individual within the registering party’s organisation who is accountable for the Agent’s conduct and who can be contacted in connection with any issue arising from the Agent’s operation. You agree to comply with any Agent governance requirements published by Nooriam from time to time, including requirements relating to Agent capability declarations, ongoing assurance, and incident reporting.

8. Acceptable Use Policy

This section sets out Nooriam’s Acceptable Use Policy. It applies to all users of the Services, including public users of The Registry and registered users of Nooriam Core. By using any part of the Services, you agree to comply with this policy. Nooriam may suspend, restrict, or terminate access to the Services, and may annotate or flag registry entries or Agent registrations, where it determines or reasonably suspects that this policy has been or is being violated.

8.1 Do Not Violate Applicable Laws or Engage in Illegal Activity

You must not use the Services to:

• Engage in, facilitate, or conceal any activity that is unlawful in any applicable jurisdiction, including fraud, money laundering, tax evasion, bribery, or the financing of unlawful activities.
• Acquire, exchange, or facilitate access to illegal goods, controlled substances, or prohibited services.
• Infringe, misappropriate, or circumvent the intellectual property rights of any person, including through the registration of assets or instruments to which you do not hold the rights you represent.
• Engage in or facilitate human trafficking, forced labour, or any other form of modern slavery.

8.2 Do Not Abuse The Registry or Authenticated Systems

The Registry confers legal identity and authenticated status within the Nooriam framework. You must not use The Registry or Nooriam’s authentication systems to:

• Register a Nooriam Data Object, Agent, legal instrument, or any other entity using false, fabricated, or misleading identity or attribution information.
• Represent to any third party that an asset, Agent, or instrument holds authenticated or registered status that it does not in fact hold within The Registry.
• Use a registered status to give false legal credibility to a transaction, instrument, or claim, or to induce a third party to act in reliance on a registration that does not accurately reflect the registering party’s rights.
• Register an Agent with a scope of authorisation that is broader than the actual authorisation granted to that Agent by the registering party, with the intent of enabling the Agent to act beyond its real authority under cover of its registered status.
• Transfer or assign a registration in a manner that is designed to conceal a change in the controlling party or to mislead counterparties about who is responsible for the registered entity.

8.3 Do Not Compromise Critical Infrastructure

You must not use the Services to:

• Facilitate the disruption or destruction of critical infrastructure including power grids, water treatment facilities, healthcare systems, financial market infrastructure, telecommunications networks, or transport systems.
• Obtain unauthorised access to systems that form part of critical national or international infrastructure.
• Use The Registry or authenticated Agent capabilities to deploy or direct Agents against critical infrastructure without lawful authority.

8.4 Do Not Compromise Computer or Network Systems

You must not use the Services to:

• Discover or exploit vulnerabilities in systems, networks, or applications without the authorisation of the system owner.
• Gain or facilitate unauthorised access to systems, networks, applications, or devices through technical attacks or social engineering.
• Create, distribute, or deploy malware, ransomware, or other malicious code, including through the use of registered Agents.
• Develop tools for denial-of-service attacks, botnet management, or other forms of coordinated network disruption.
• Create tools designed to intercept communications or monitor devices without the authorisation of the relevant owner or user.
• Attempt to gain unauthorised access to Nooriam Core, The Registry, or any other user’s account, data, or registered Nooriam Data Objects or Agents.
• Circumvent any security control, access restriction, rate limit, or authentication measure applied to the Services.

8.5 Do Not Develop or Facilitate Weapons

You must not use the Services, including The Registry or authenticated Agent capabilities, to:

• Design, develop, produce, modify, or facilitate the unlawful acquisition of weapons, explosives, or dangerous materials designed to cause harm to or loss of human life.
• Design or develop weaponisation or delivery processes for any weapon system.
• Circumvent regulatory controls to acquire weapons or their precursors.
• Develop or facilitate the development of biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear weapons or their precursors, including modifications designed to evade detection or countermeasures.

8.6 Do Not Incite Violence or Hateful Behaviour

You must not use the Services to:

• Incite, facilitate, promote, or provide material support for violent extremism, terrorism, or organised hateful behaviour.
• Facilitate or promote acts of violence or intimidation targeting individuals, groups, animals, or property.
• Promote or facilitate discriminatory practices against individuals or groups on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or any other protected attribute.
• Register an instrument, asset, or Agent whose stated purpose includes facilitating violence, discrimination, or hate.

8.7 Do Not Compromise Privacy or Identity Rights

You must not use the Services to:

• Collect, register, or process personal information without lawful authority or in violation of applicable privacy law.
• Use The Registry or Nooriam Data Object capabilities to create or maintain unauthorised records about individuals, including through aggregation of personal data without consent.
• Impersonate another person or entity, including through the registration of an Agent or Nooriam Data Object designed to misrepresent its operator or origin.
• Use authenticated status or registered identity to facilitate identity fraud, credential theft, or the assumption of another party’s legal identity.
• Use the Services to conduct surveillance of individuals without their consent and without lawful authority, including through Agent-based monitoring or tracking workflows.

8.8 Do Not Compromise Children’s Safety

You must not use the Services to:

• Create, distribute, register, or facilitate access to child sexual abuse material of any kind.
• Facilitate the trafficking, grooming, exploitation, or abuse of any person.
• Register an Agent or instrument whose purpose includes any form of interaction with or targeting of minors in a harmful or exploitative manner.
• Use Nooriam Data Objects to profile, track, or target minors without appropriate legal authority and parental or guardian consent.

8.9 Do Not Create or Spread Misinformation

You must not use the Services to:

• Register information in The Registry that you know to be false, misleading, or fabricated, including false attribution claims, fabricated provenance, or misrepresented chain of custody.
• Use authenticated status conferred by The Registry to lend false credibility to misleading or fabricated information, documents, or assets.
• Impersonate real entities or fabricate the involvement of real persons or organisations in registered instruments or Nooriam Data Objects.
• Create or register instruments or assets that contain or are designed to disseminate false or misleading information about laws, regulations, official processes, or institutional standards.

8.10 Do Not Undermine Democratic Processes or Legal Institutions

You must not use the Services to:

• Register instruments or Agents designed to interfere with electoral processes, voting systems, or the integrity of democratic institutions.
• Use authenticated status or The Registry to lend false official credibility to political content, electoral materials, or government-facing documents.
• Deploy registered Agents to conduct automated political communications, influence campaigns, or voter targeting that conceals its artificial or automated origin.
• Use the Services to facilitate interference with court processes, regulatory proceedings, or other legal or governmental procedures.

8.11 Do Not Engage in Fraudulent, Abusive, or Predatory Practices

You must not use the Services to:

• Register instruments, assets, or Agents for the purpose of facilitating fraud, scams, phishing, or any scheme designed to cause financial or other harm to third parties.
• Use authenticated status conferred by The Registry to induce reliance by third parties on instruments or assets that are part of a fraudulent scheme.
• Create or register falsified documents, fake identities, counterfeit credentials, or fabricated official records.
• Facilitate multi-level marketing schemes, pyramid schemes, or other deceptive business models through registered instruments or Agents.
• Use the Services to engage in predatory lending, abusive debt collection, or exploitative financial practices.
• Deploy registered Agents to engage in high-volume spam, automated harassment, or coordinated abusive conduct.
• Circumvent the terms or guardrails of other platforms or services through the use of registered Agents or Nooriam Data Objects.

8.12 Do Not Abuse Nooriam’s Platform

You must not:

• Create multiple accounts to circumvent a suspension, restriction, or ban, or to avoid the effects of an annotation on The Registry.
• Coordinate activity across multiple accounts to circumvent platform controls or to artificially inflate the apparent scale or authority of a set of registrations.
• Use automation to create accounts, generate registrations, or interact with Nooriam Core in ways not expressly permitted by these Terms or any API terms Nooriam publishes.
• Attempt to reverse engineer, decompile, scrape, or replicate the Services, The Registry’s infrastructure, or any proprietary component of Nooriam’s platform, nor any Nooriam Data Object that is not yours.
• Use the Services in a manner designed to test or probe Nooriam’s security controls without Nooriam’s prior written consent.
• Use any data scraping, robot, spider, or extraction tool to extract information or data from the Nooriam website, The Registry, or Nooriam Core beyond a bona fide use of the Services and without Nooriam’s consent.
• Register an Agent or Nooriam Data Object whose primary purpose is to monitor, benchmark, or replicate Nooriam’s platform capabilities for use in a competing product or service. We reserve the right to suspend or terminate access, remove or annotate content, and report serious violations to relevant law enforcement or regulatory authorities where we determine or reasonably suspect that this policy has been violated. We may disclose your identity where required or permitted by applicable law.

9. Intellectual Property

9.1 Nooriam’s Intellectual Property

Nooriam and its licensors own all intellectual property rights in the Services, including the Nooriam platform, Nooriam Core, The Registry architecture and infrastructure, all software, systems, methodologies, frameworks, and documentation, and all content (including text, graphics, and images) made available on or through the website, the platform, The Registry, Nooriam Core, and the Services. Nothing in these Terms transfers any intellectual property rights in the Services or any constituent part to you. You are granted a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable licence to use the Services in accordance with these Terms for your own internal business purposes. You must not copy, modify, adapt, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, publish, or otherwise exploit any part of the Services except to the extent expressly permitted by these Terms or by law.

9.2 Your Content and Data Objects

You retain your existing ownership of and intellectual property rights in the content, data, and Nooriam Data Objects you submit to the Nooriam platform. By submitting content or Nooriam Data Objects to the platform, you grant Nooriam a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free licence to use, store, process, and display that content and those assets to the extent necessary to provide the Services to you and to other users and to fulfil our obligations under these Terms and our Privacy Policy. This licence does not permit Nooriam to commercialise your identified Nooriam Data Objects or content except as described in Section 5.3 in respect of dormant and unclaimed assets, or as separately agreed with you in writing.

9.3 Third-Party Content

The website and platform may contain links to third-party websites and references to third-party content, trade marks, and services. These are provided for convenience only. We do not endorse, control, or accept responsibility for third-party content. References to third-party trade marks or brand names are solely for identification purposes and do not imply any association, endorsement, or affiliation.

10. Privacy

Our Privacy Policy governs how we collect, use, disclose, and protect personal information in connection with the Services. The Privacy Policy is incorporated into these Terms by reference and forms part of the agreement between you and Nooriam. By using the Services, you consent to the collection and handling of your personal information in accordance with the Privacy Policy and warrant that any personal information you provide is accurate and up to date. Where you submit content or Nooriam Data Objects to the platform that include personal information about third parties, you represent and warrant that you have obtained all necessary consents and authorisations for that personal information to be processed in accordance with these Terms and our Privacy Policy. Our Privacy Policy is available at nooriam.com/privacypolicy.

11. Confidentiality

11.1 Categories of Confidential Information

The concept of Confidential Information operates differently across Nooriam’s product suite depending on whether information is held by a single party or shared across multiple parties. These Terms recognise three categories, each with distinct treatment:

• Sole-party Confidential Information: information submitted to the platform by a single user that has not been shared with, contributed to, or registered in connection with any other user or counterparty. This information is that user’s Confidential Information and is controlled solely by that user, subject to these Terms and Nooriam’s data lifecycle policies.
• Joint Confidential Information: information that forms part of a registered Nooriam Data Object, instrument, Agent, or other record to which more than one party holds rights, including but not limited to registered contracts, jointly registered Nooriam Data Objects, and multi-party Agent workflows. Joint Confidential Information belongs to all parties to the relevant record. No single party can direct Nooriam to disclose, modify, or remove Joint Confidential Information without the consent of all parties with a registered interest in it, except to the extent expressly provided in these Terms or by the terms of the relevant registered instrument.
• Platform Confidential Information: Nooriam’s platform architecture, technical specifications, non-public product information, pricing arrangements, and any other information that Nooriam identifies as confidential or that a reasonable person in your position would understand to be confidential given the nature of the information. This information is Nooriam’s Confidential Information and is controlled solely by Nooriam.

11.2 Relationship Between These Terms and Registered Instruments

Where a registered instrument, such as a smart legal contract or an authenticated agreement, contains its own confidentiality terms governing the parties’ rights in relation to the subject matter of that instrument, those terms govern the parties’ rights inter se to the extent they are consistent with these Terms and applicable law. Nooriam implements the visibility and access controls configured for each registered instrument in accordance with the instructions of the parties, but Nooriam is not a party to the underlying instrument and does not itself undertake confidentiality obligations that exceed those in these Terms in relation to the instrument’s content.

11.3 General Confidentiality Obligations

Each party receiving another party’s Confidential Information (“Recipient”) may use it only to exercise its rights and perform its obligations under these Terms. Recipient may share Confidential Information only with its employees, contractors, and advisers who need it for those purposes and who are bound by confidentiality obligations at least as protective as those in these Terms. Recipient will protect Confidential Information from unauthorised use, access, or disclosure using at least the same degree of care it applies to its own confidential information, and no less than reasonable care.

11.4 Exclusions

Confidentiality obligations do not apply to information that: (a) becomes publicly available through no fault of the Recipient, its employees, contractors, advisers, or its or their Agents; (b) was already known to the Recipient at the time of disclosure without a confidentiality obligation; (c) is received from a third party without breach of any confidentiality obligation owed to the disclosing party; or (d) is independently developed by the Recipient without use of or reference to the Confidential Information. A Recipient may disclose Confidential Information to the extent required by law, court order, or regulatory direction, provided that the Recipient gives the disclosing party prompt prior written notice where legally permitted and reasonably cooperates in any effort to limit the scope of required disclosure.

11.5 Removal of Confidential Information

Your entitlement to remove or request removal of Confidential Information from the platform depends on the category of that information:

• Sole-party Confidential Information may be removed by the user who submitted it, subject to the registry integrity principles in Section 4.5 and Nooriam’s data lifecycle policies. Where the information forms part of a registry entry, removal means the entry will be updated or annotated rather than deleted from the historical record.
• Joint Confidential Information cannot be removed, modified, or made unavailable at the direction of one party alone where doing so would affect the rights or interests of another party with a registered interest in the same record. A party seeking to remove their contribution from a joint record must either: (a) obtain the written consent of all other parties with a registered interest in that record; or (b) obtain an order from a court or other competent authority directing the removal. Nooriam will give effect to a removal request supported by either of these on receipt of satisfactory evidence.
• Where a party has a legitimate interest in disassociating themselves from a joint record without seeking removal, for example because they dispute its accuracy or their continued connection to it, Nooriam can annotate the record to reflect that assertion without altering the underlying record or affecting the rights of other parties.
• Platform Confidential Information may only be removed at the approval of Nooriam at its sole and absolute discretion.

11.6 Destruction on Request

On your request, where you are a disclosing party, Nooriam will use reasonable efforts to return or destroy your sole-party Confidential Information that is not part of any registry entry or multi-party record, except: (a) to the extent retention is required to comply with applicable law or a court order but subject to Nooriam’s own legal requirements and policies; or (b) copies retained in automated backup systems, which remain subject to these confidentiality obligations until permanently deleted in the ordinary course of system maintenance. Nooriam cannot action a destruction request in respect of Joint Confidential Information without the consent of all parties with a registered interest, for the reasons described in Section 11.5.

11.7 Public Fields Are Not Confidential

Information entered in a public-facing registry field is not Confidential Information for the purposes of these Terms, regardless of its nature. By entering information in a public-facing field, you consent to that information being publicly accessible in accordance with Section 4.4. A subsequent claim that public-facing field content is confidential does not give rise to any obligation on Nooriam’s part to restrict access to it, though Nooriam may annotate the entry or update the field in accordance with the registry integrity principles and the rights of any other parties to the record.

12. Warranties

You represent and warrant that: (a) you have full power and authority to enter into these Terms and to perform your obligations under them; (b) these Terms have been duly authorised by all necessary action; (c) entering into and performing these Terms will not violate any applicable law or any agreement to which you are a party; (d) these Terms are enforceable against you; and (e) you are not insolvent or bankrupt, and will not become insolvent or bankrupt by entering into these Terms. You further represent and warrant that: (a) you own or have all rights and permissions necessary to submit your content and Nooriam Data Objects to the platform; (b) your content and Nooriam Data Objects do not infringe the intellectual property rights, privacy rights, or any other rights of any third party; and (c) your use of the Services complies with these Terms and all applicable laws. Except as expressly stated in these Terms, the Services are provided on an as-is and as-available basis. Nooriam makes no representation that The Registry or any registry entry will be recognised as legally authoritative for any purpose outside the Nooriam authentication framework. The legal effect of registration in any external proceeding is a matter for the relevant court, tribunal, or authority.

13. Liability

13.1 General Disclaimer

Subject to Section 13.3 and to any non-excludable guarantees under the Australian Consumer Law, the Services and all content and information provided through them are made available on an as-is and as-available basis. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Nooriam excludes all warranties, conditions, and representations, whether express, implied, statutory, or otherwise, including any implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement.

13.2 Exclusion of Consequential Loss

To the fullest extent permitted by law, Nooriam is not liable to you or any other person for any indirect, special, consequential, incidental, or punitive loss or damage, including loss of profit, loss of revenue, loss of data, loss of goodwill, loss of anticipated savings, or the cost of procuring substitute goods or services, arising out of or in connection with the Services or these Terms, whether arising in contract, tort, equity, under statute, or otherwise, and whether or not you or any other person has been advised of the possibility of such loss.

13.3 Aggregate Liability Cap

Except in respect of obligations under Section 14 (Indemnity) and except for liability that cannot be limited under applicable law, Nooriam’s total aggregate liability arising out of or in connection with these Terms to you or any other party in respect of you, whether in contract, tort, equity, or otherwise, is limited to the greater of: (a) the total fees paid or payable by you to Nooriam in the 12 months immediately preceding the event giving rise to the claim; and (b) AUD $500. This cap applies to all claims in aggregate, not per claim.

13.4 Matters We Do Not Exclude

Nothing in these Terms excludes or limits Nooriam’s liability that cannot be excluded or limited under applicable law, including the non-excludable guarantees and consumer protection provisions of the Australian Consumer Law.

13.5 Registry and Platform Specific Liability

Without limiting the generality of Sections 13.1 and 13.2:

• Nooriam is not liable for any loss or damage arising from content a registering party has entered in a public-facing registry field. The registering party bears sole responsibility for that content: see Section 4.4.
• Nooriam is not liable for any loss arising from automated performance of a smart legal contract.
• Nooriam is not liable for any loss arising from the actions or inactions of a registered Agent, including any loss arising from the Agent acting outside the scope of its intended authorisation or not acting within the scope of its intended authorisations. Accountability for Agent conduct rests with the registering party: see Section 7.2.
• Nooriam is not liable for any information registered or which you should have registered on The Registry.
• Nooriam is not liable for any person or Agent failing to make payment of any fees due to Nooriam in respect of a Nooriam Data Object.
• Nooriam is not liable for any person or Agent failing to perform its obligations or any incorrect representations or warranties made in respect of a Nooriam Data Object. You acknowledge that the liability limitations and cap in this Section 13 form an essential basis of the bargain between you and Nooriam, and Nooriam would not have entered into these Terms or provided any Services on the same commercial terms without them.

14. Indemnity

14.1 Indemnity by You

You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Nooriam and its directors, officers, employees, consultants, and affiliates from and against any third-party claims, liabilities, damages, losses, costs, and expenses (including reasonable legal costs) arising out of or in connection with:

• Your use of the Services or any part of them.
• Your breach of these Terms or any applicable law.
• Content you submit to the platform, including any public-facing registry field content.
• Any claim that content you have submitted infringes the intellectual property rights, privacy rights, or any other rights of a third party.
• The conduct of any Agent you have registered through The Registry.
• Your breach of any representation or warranty given in these Terms.

14.2 Indemnity Process

The indemnified party must: (a) promptly notify the indemnifying party in writing of any claim for which indemnity is sought; (b) give the indemnifying party sole control of the defence and settlement of the claim, provided the indemnifying party may not settle any claim in a manner that requires the indemnified party to admit wrongdoing, incur ongoing obligations, or bear unindemnified costs without the indemnified party’s prior written consent; and (c) reasonably cooperate with the indemnifying party in the defence at the indemnifying party’s expense. Failure to provide prompt notice excuses the indemnifying party’s obligations only to the extent of actual prejudice caused by the delay. Indemnification under this Section 14 is each party’s sole and exclusive remedy for any third-party claims covered by it.

15. Security and Prohibited Conduct

We implement reasonable technical and organisational measures to protect the integrity and security of the Services and the data held within them. However, we cannot guarantee the security of information transmitted over the internet, and transmission of information to or from our platform is at your own risk. We will not be liable for any loss or damage resulting from a denial-of-service attack, virus, or other technologically harmful material that affects your systems in connection with your use of the Services, where that loss or damage arises despite our reasonable security measures. You must report any suspected security vulnerability in the Services to us promptly at info@nooriam.com. You must not exploit any vulnerability you discover, and you must not disclose any vulnerability to any third party without our prior written consent.

16. Suspension and Termination

These Terms start on the Effective Date and continue until terminated. Subject to paying any outstanding fees, you may terminate the Services and close your Nooriam Core account at any time. If you have not paid your outstanding fees, without prejudice to Nooriam’s rights to collect outstanding fees owed to Nooriam and any recovery costs and permitted interest, and any other remedies at law, Nooriam may at its absolute discretion terminate your access to the Services. Nooriam will give reasonable advance notice of termination for convenience where practicable. Nooriam may suspend or terminate your Services and Nooriam Core account at any time if you commit a material breach of these Terms of Use that is not remedied within 30 days of written notice specifying the breach in reasonable detail. Notice is not required if the material breach is not capable of remedy. Nooriam may terminate or suspend access to the Services immediately and without prior notice where: (a) Nooriam reasonably believes that continued provision of the Services to you is prohibited or would become prohibited by applicable law; (b) you or any Agent you have registered poses a material risk to the integrity or security of the Services or to other users; or (c) any third-party vendor suspends services that are necessary for Nooriam to provide the Services to you. Termination for any reason does not affect registry entries or Nooriam Data Object, including Agent, registrations made during the period of your account. Those records remain part of the permanent registry record in accordance with Section 4.5. Any Nooriam Data Object, including Agent, registrations associated with a terminated account will be annotated to record that the associated account is no longer active, and any such Nooriam Data Object, including Agent, is not authorised to continue interacting with Nooriam Core from the date of termination. Section 7.6 applies to any revocation of any Nooriam Data Object, including Agent, registrations. Termination does not affect any rights or obligations that accrued before the termination date, including obligations arising from acts of any registered Nooriam Data Object, including Agent, and from the data lifecycle provisions in Section 5.

17. Export Controls and Sanctions

You must not access or use the Services, or permit the Services to be accessed or used, in violation of any applicable export control laws, trade sanctions, or import restrictions, including those administered by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the US Office of Foreign Assets Control, the UK Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, the EU, and the UN Security Council. Without limiting the foregoing, you must not: (a) use the Services in or for the benefit of any country, territory, or person subject to comprehensive sanctions; (b) register in The Registry any Nooriam Data Object, Agent, or legal instrument on behalf of any sanctioned person or entity; or (c) use the Services to facilitate any transaction that would be prohibited under applicable export control or sanctions law. By using the Services, you represent and warrant that you are not located in, ordinarily resident in, or acting on behalf of any government, person, or entity in a country or territory subject to comprehensive sanctions, and that you are not named on any sanctions list maintained by any of the authorities referenced above. Nooriam reserves the right to terminate or suspend access to the Services immediately where it determines or reasonably suspects that this representation is or has become false.

18. Governing Law, Jurisdiction, and International Users

18.1 Governing Law

These Terms and any dispute arising out of or in connection with them are governed by the laws of Western Australia and the Commonwealth of Australia. You submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Western Australia.

18.2 Dispute Resolution

We are committed to resolving disputes promptly and in good faith. If you have a dispute arising out of or in connection with the Services or these Terms, you must first contact us at info@nooriam.com and give us a reasonable opportunity to resolve the dispute before commencing any formal legal proceedings. Where a dispute cannot be resolved through direct negotiation within 30 days of written notice, either party may refer the matter to mediation administered by a mutually agreed mediator before commencing litigation. This clause does not prevent either party from seeking urgent injunctive or other interlocutory relief from a court of competent jurisdiction.

18.3 Non-Excludable Local Protections

The choice of Western Australian and Commonwealth law as governing law does not deprive you of any protection to which you are entitled under the mandatory laws of the jurisdiction in which you are located, where those laws cannot be contracted out of by agreement. Where any provision of these Terms is inconsistent with a mandatory protection available to you under your local law, that provision is modified or severed to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the mandatory protection, and the remainder of the Terms continues in full force.

18.4 Electronic Contracts and Formation

These Terms are entered into electronically. By using the Services, you acknowledge that you have had the opportunity to read these Terms and that your acceptance is valid and binding under applicable electronic transactions legislation, including the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Cth) and its state equivalents, the Electronic Transactions Act 2010 (Singapore), the Electronic Communications Act 2000 (UK), and applicable US federal and state electronic signature law including the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (E-SIGN). No wet ink signature is required for these Terms to have full legal effect.

18.5 Users Located in the European Economic Area

If you are located in the European Economic Area, the following additional terms apply to your use of the Services:

• Consumer rights: if you are a consumer (meaning you are acting for purposes outside your trade, business, craft, or profession), you retain all rights available to you under applicable EU consumer protection law, including the Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83/EU and any implementing national legislation. Nothing in these Terms limits those rights.
• Platform liability: Nooriam provides infrastructure services and operates as a hosting provider in respect of content and data submitted to its platform by users. To the extent applicable, Nooriam’s liability in respect of third-party content hosted on the platform is governed by the EU Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) and the limitations and obligations applicable to hosting providers under that framework. Nooriam is not liable for unlawful third-party content of which it is not aware, and upon becoming aware of unlawful content, will act expeditiously to remove or disable access to it.
• Unfair contract terms: these Terms have been drafted to comply with the requirements of the Unfair Contract Terms Directive 93/13/EEC and its successor provisions. If any term is found to be unfair within the meaning of applicable EU law, that term does not bind you and the remainder of the Terms continues in full force.
• Right of withdrawal: where you are a consumer and have entered into a contract for digital services, you may have a right of withdrawal under applicable EU law. Where this right applies, information about how to exercise it will be provided at the time of contracting.

18.6 Users Located in the United Kingdom

If you are located in the United Kingdom, the following additional terms apply:

• Consumer rights: if you are a consumer, you retain all rights available to you under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 and other applicable UK consumer protection legislation. Nothing in these Terms limits those rights.
• Platform liability: to the extent applicable, Nooriam’s liability in respect of third-party content hosted on the platform is governed by the UK Online Safety Act 2023 and associated regulations, and by the hosting provider provisions of the Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002. Nooriam will comply with its obligations under those frameworks as they apply to the Services.
• Unfair terms: these Terms are subject to the Consumer Rights Act 2015 in respect of any term that may be considered unfair. An unfair term is not binding on a consumer, and Nooriam does not seek to rely on any term that would be regarded as unfair under applicable UK law.

18.7 Users Located in Singapore

If you are located in Singapore, the following additional terms apply:

• Consumer protection: if you are a consumer within the meaning of the Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act 2003 (Singapore), you retain all rights available to you under that Act and other applicable Singapore consumer protection law. Nothing in these Terms limits those rights or constitutes an unfair practice within the meaning of that Act.
• Electronic transactions: these Terms are formed electronically in accordance with the Electronic Transactions Act 2010 (Singapore). You acknowledge that your use of the Services constitutes valid acceptance of these Terms for the purposes of that Act.
• Personal data: Nooriam’s handling of your personal data is subject to the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (Singapore) as set out in the Privacy Policy. Nothing in these Terms modifies or limits your rights under that Act.

18.8 Users Located in the United States

If you are located in the United States, the following additional terms apply:

• Platform liability: Nooriam is a provider of an interactive computer service within the meaning of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (47 U.S.C. § 230) in respect of third-party content published through the platform. Nooriam is not the publisher or speaker of third-party content and is not liable for that content to the extent protected by Section 230. This protection does not apply to content that Nooriam itself creates or develops.
• Consumer protection: mandatory consumer protection laws of the state in which you are located apply to your use of the Services to the extent they cannot be waived by contract. Nothing in these Terms is intended to, or operates to, waive any protection that cannot lawfully be contracted out of under applicable state law.
• Dispute resolution: the dispute resolution process in Sections 18.1 and 18.2 applies. Nooriam does not require binding individual arbitration or waiver of class action rights as a condition of using the Services.
• Privacy: Nooriam’s handling of personal information about US residents is governed by our Privacy Policy, which addresses obligations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (as amended by the CPRA) and substantially equivalent state legislation. Nothing in these Terms limits your rights under applicable US state privacy law.

19. Contact and Feedback

For questions about these Terms, feedback about the Services, or any other enquiry, contact us at:

Nooriam Pty Ltd Email: info@nooriam.com Phone: +61 401 825 175 Website: nooriam.com If you have a complaint about the Services or these Terms, please contact us at info@nooriam.com with a description of your complaint. We will make reasonable efforts to address your complaint in a timely manner. Where your complaint relates to a matter governed by applicable privacy law, the dispute resolution process in Section 18.2 applies.

20. General

20.1 Entire Agreement

These Terms, together with our Privacy Policy and any applicable product-specific or user-specific terms, constitute the entire agreement between you and Nooriam in relation to the Services and supersede all prior agreements, representations, and understandings.

20.2 Relationship of the Parties

These Terms do not create a partnership, joint venture, agency, employment, or fiduciary relationship between you and Nooriam. Nooriam is an independent contractor providing infrastructure services.

20.3 Notices

Notices from Nooriam to you will be given by email to the address associated with your account, by posting on our website, or by any other means reasonably calculated to bring the notice to your attention. Notices from you to Nooriam must be sent to info@nooriam.com to be effective. Notices are effective when sent, unless returned undelivered.

20.4 Severability

If any provision of these Terms is found to be unenforceable or invalid, that provision will be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable, or severed if modification is not possible. The remaining provisions continue in full force and effect.

20.5 Waiver

Our failure to enforce any provision of these Terms does not constitute a waiver of our right to enforce that provision at a later time. A waiver is effective only if made in writing by an authorised Nooriam representative.

20.6 Assignment

You may not assign or transfer any rights or obligations under these Terms without our prior written consent. We may assign these Terms, or any rights or obligations under them, to any member of the Nooriam Group or in connection with a merger, acquisition, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, without your consent. Any purported assignment in breach of this clause is void.

20.7 Force Majeure

We are not liable for any delay or failure to perform our obligations where that delay or failure results from circumstances beyond our reasonable control, including natural disasters, acts of government or regulatory authority, failures of third-party infrastructure or telecommunications networks, or cyberattacks or security incidents that persist despite our reasonable security measures. We will use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effect of any such event.

20.8 Survival

Provisions that by their nature should survive termination or expiry continue in effect after termination or expiry, including Sections 4.5 (registry integrity), 5.3 (further assurances and limitations), 5.5 (assignment of data rights), 7.2 (acts of Agents are acts of the principal), 7.5 (audit trails), 9 (intellectual property), 11 (confidentiality), 12 (warranties), 13 (liability), 14 (indemnity), 17 (export and sanctions), 18 (governing law and jurisdiction), and this Section 20.

20.9 Electronic Communications

By using the Services, you agree to receive electronic communications from Nooriam in connection with your use of the Services and these Terms. Communications may be sent by email to the address associated with your account, through the Services or your account dashboard, or posted on Nooriam’s website. Where you wish to stop receiving non-essential communications, contact us at info@nooriam.com.

20.10 Language

These Terms are written in English. Where any translation is provided for convenience, the English version prevails in the event of any inconsistency.

These Terms were reviewed and updated in March 2026. They supersede all prior versions. These Terms do not constitute legal advice. If you require advice about your rights or obligations in connection with the Services, please consult a qualified legal practitioner.